In 1863, Francois Blanc obtained the gaming concession in Monaco, making Monte Carlo the leading casino destination before World War I. In 1843, they opened the Kursaal casino in Bad Homburg, featuring a new single-zero wheel. During the 19th century, roulette became a popular casino game throughout Europe thanks to French brothers Francois and Louis Blanc. The familiar wheel, rules, and name appeared in casinos in Paris, France in the 1790s. In 1655, one of his failed attempts was a nearly frictionless spinning wheel. Pascal spent a significant portion of his life trying to invent a perpetual motion machine. Their work started as the answer to a question about a dice game asked by the Chevalier de Mere. His correspondence with Pierre de Fermat (developer of calculus) led to the development of probability theory. In England, they were called rowlet, roly poly, and ace of hearts.įrench mathematician and inventor Blaise Pascal (inventor of the syringe, hydraulic press, and calculator) may have pioneered the game of roulette in the mid-17th century. In Italy, those games were called biribi (described by Casanova in his memoirs) and hoca. Prior to the development of the precision spinning wheel that distinguishes roulette other games were played with similar rules and payouts, with the numbers chosen out of a bag or by playing cards. Roulette, which is French for 'little wheel', developed primarily in France.
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